THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WAIST TO HIP RATIO WITH CHOLESTEROL LEVEL AT ADULT IN SURAKARTA CITY

Abstract

Now days, Indonesia has been in transition period both in demography and epidemiology. Several signs are identified, for example in one hand, among children, the infant mortality rate and infections diseases decrease but in another hand the prospect to have a long life in the old population improve because of better economics and health services. The results of body mass index studies from twelve big cities in Indonesia (1996) show that the prevalence of overweight was ranged 16-22.5% and 4% for obesity. Obesity reflects the body fat contained in the body. The body fat that related to coronary heart diseases is body fat, specifically found in stomach hollow. Besides obesity, the blood cholesterol level is commonly used for early detecting of coronary heart diseases. The study in cholesterol levels has been reported in several areas, e.g. MONICA research team 1996 found that the average total cholesterol in Central Java was 204.0 mg/dL and in Yogjakarta (1996) was 201.9 mg/dl whereas the average of LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were 128.1 mg/dL and 52.6 mg/dL, respectively in Yogjakarta area. The ratio of waist to hip specifically describes the fat level in stomach hollow. This study is aimed to evaluate the relationship between fat in stomach hallow and the level of cholesterol using total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol. This study found that the average of waist and hip ratio (RLPP) among the population aged 25-64 years was 0.86 + 0.06. The result also shows that based on Bray’s classification, 8.5% was categorized as population at risk in man (more than 0.95) and for women was 64.3% (more than 0.80). In addition, the total cholesterol level was208.37+ 40.67mg/dL, LDL cholesterol was 136.48 + 37.52 mg/dL and HDL cholesterol was 44.80 + 10.42mg/dL. The relationship between RLPP and Total cholesterol is statistically significant. Increasing total cholesterol is likely increases RLPP controlled by BMI and age. The contribution of RLPP, BMI and age to total cholesterol are 11.0%. Independently, RLPP as a main variable contributes 29.0% to total cholesterol. RLPP is significant correlated to the LDL cholesterol. Increasing LDL cholesterol is likely increases RLPP controlled by BMI and age. The contribution of RLPP, BMI and age to LDL cholesterol are 6.1%. RLPP as a main variable contributes 26.2% to LDL cholesterol, independently. In HDL cholesterol found that HDL is statistically significant to RLPP. Increasing LDL is likely increases RLPP controlled by age and smoking status. The contribution of RLPP, age, and smoking status to HDL cholesterol are 11.0%. RLPP as a main variable contributes 46.0% to HDL cholesterol, independently. Interestingly, this study suggested that the increase of 1 unit RLPP would increase 51.0 mg/dl of total cholesterol. The increase of 1 unit of IMT would increase 2.49 mg/dl of total cholesterol and the improvement of 1 unit of age would increase 0.72 mg/dl of total cholesterol. For LDL cholesterol, 1 unit RLPP would increase 16.95 mg/dl of LDL cholesterol. The increase of 1 unit of IMT would increase 1.65 mg/dl of LDL cholesterol and the improvement of 1 unit of age would increase 0.61 mg/dl of LDL cholesterol. For HDL, 1 unit RLPP would decrease 17.75 mg/dL of HDL cholesterol. The increase of 1 unit of smoking status would decrease 5.8mg/dl of HDL cholesterol. In conclusion, maintaining an ideal body weight, decreasing the rate of fat stomach hollow development and not smoking are the best way for preventing the increase of LDL cholesterol and the decrease of HDL cholesterol. It can be recommended that routine assessment of waist and hip in normal population may be socialized as indices to control fat stomach hollow levels. In addition, non-formal education in relation to normal body weight and stop smoking as well as prevent smoking would be prioritized. Furthermore, it is recommended for further investigation using case-control with the same topic in regard to RLPP and cholesterol.